Abstract 2915: Targeting complement factor H renders STK11-mutant lung adenocarcinoma sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy in mice

Abstract STK11 mutations occurs in 15-20% of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and is associated with KRAS mutations, poor survival and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We observed tumor cell lines and primary human STK11-mutant LUAD upregulates of expression of C3 and complement factor H (FH). Deletion of C3 in STK11 knock-out tumor cells resulted in reduced FH expression. FH is a co-factor of Factor I, which converts C3b to proteolytically inactive iC3b thereby limiting activation of the alternative pathway (AP) C3 convertase. FH binds to proteoaminoglycans on the cell membrane and protects cells from AP complement-dependent cytotoxicity. With increased C3 generation by STK11-mutant tumor cells, we reasoned that systemic or tumor-derived FH protects tumor cells from complement attack. We hypothesized that tumor-derived C3 would promote STK11-mutant LUAD growth in immune intact mice by promoting immune evasion and would drive ICI resistance. Based on the expected tumor-protective effects of FH, we also hypothesized that anti-FH antibodies would control tumor growth and render tumor more sensitive to ICI. We evaluated growth of subcutaneously administered CMT167-STK11KO with and without C3 deletion (CMT167-STK11KO is murine KRASG12V LUAD with CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of STK11). Deletion of C3 in CMT167-STK11KO (CMT167-STK11KO/C3KO) resulted in dramatic inhibition of tumor growth and in sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo. In contrast, deletion of C3 in STK11-KO tumors had no effect on tumor growth in nude mice or following CD8 depletion in WT mice. These findings support a role of tumor-derived C3 in evasion of T cell anti-tumor immunity and as an obstacle to anti-PD-1 therapy. GT103 is a therapeutic antibody that binds tumor cell-attached CFH, causes complement activation, kills tumor cells, initiates a shift from a pro- to an anti-tumor immune microenvironment, and is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1b-2 clinical trial in combination with pembrolizumab (NCT05617313). We observed that single agent GT103 or anti-PD-1 has limited efficacy in CMT167-STK11KO tumor in WT mice. However, the combination of GT103 and anti-PD-1 was very effective in limiting tumor growth. Our results support a role of tumor-derived C3 in suppressing CD8 T-cell immunity and in driving ICI resistance and that the addition of GT103 renders STK11-KO tumors sensitive to anti-PD-1 in mice. These studies establish rationale for evaluating this combination in patients with STK11-mutant LUAD. Citation Format: Sora Suzuki, Anm Nazmul Khan, Thejaswini Giridharan, Catrina Ting, Ryan Bushey, Elizabeth Gottlin, Michael Campa, Edward F. Patz, Edwin H. Yau, Brahm Segal. Targeting complement factor H renders STK11-mutant lung adenocarcinoma sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2915.