Effects of land use and climate on the diversity and population structure in natural stands of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (Fabaceae) in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. is a multipurpose species, providing many ecosystem services. However, in its geographical range, its multiple uses represent a major challenge to the sustainable management and conservation of its resources. This study aimed to determine the effect of climatic zones, land uses, and their interaction on the natural stands of D. microcarpum. Inventories were conducted in 165 plots in two climatic zones and land use types in Burkina Faso. Hill diversity indices were used to determine the effects of climatic zones, land uses, and their interaction on D. microcarpum stand diversity. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of the abiotic and biotic factors on the species' structural parameters. Land uses and climatic zones significantly affected D. microcarpum stand diversity and structure. The lowest stand diversity was recorded in the unprotected areas. The similarity in woody species composition between land uses and climatic zones was low, indicating high beta diversity. The generalized linear model showed that rainfall, temperature, habitat heterospecific density, and habitat-specific richness significantly influenced the structural parameters of the D. microcarpum population. The diameter classes’ distribution revealed unstable populations for the adult stratum, independent of climatic zones and land use types, except for the protected area in the Sudanian zone. The height class distribution of the juvenile stratum highlighted the instability regeneration of D. microcarpum populations. This study highlighted the instability of D. microcarpum populations and the specific effects of biotic and abiotic variables on the species' structural parameters. Thus, the findings suggest urgent conservation measures to ensure sustainable utilisation and management of the species.