Prebiotic levan type fructan from Bacillus subtilis PR-C18 as a potent antibiofilm agent: Structural elucidation and in silico analysis

The global demand for therapeutic prebiotics persuades the quest for novel exopolysaccharides that can retard the growth of pathobionts and healthcare-associated pathogens. In this regard, an exopolysaccharide (3.69 mg/mL) producing strain showing prebiotic and antibiofilm activity was isolated from indigenous pineapple pomace of Tripura and identified as Bacillus subtilis PR-C18. Zymogram analysis revealed EPS PR-C18 was synthesized by levansucrase (∼57 kDa) with a maximal activity of 4.62 U/mg. Chromatography techniques, FTIR, and NMR spectral data revealed the homopolymeric nature of purified EPS with a molecular weight of 3.40 × 104 Da. SEM and rheological study unveiled its microporous structure and shear-thinning effect. Furthermore, EPS PR-C18 showed remarkable emulsification, flocculation, water retention, water solubilization, and antioxidant activity. DSC-TGA data demonstrated its high thermostability and cytotoxicity analysis verified its nontoxic biocompatible nature. In addition, the antibiofilm activity of EPS PR-C18 was validated using molecular docking, molecular simulation, MM-GBSA and PCA studies, which exhibited its strong binding affinity (−20.79 kcal/moL) with PelD, a virulence factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together, these findings support the future exploitation of EPS PR-C18 as an additive or adjuvant in food and pharmaceutical sectors.