Enhancement of heat transfer in thin-film flow of a hybrid nanofluid over an inclined rotating disk subject to thermal radiation and viscous dissipation

Hybrid nanofluids have drawn more attention recently due to their potential to improve heat transfer in solar water heaters. However, it is still difficult to accurately predict how these nanofluids will behave when they flow over inclined rotating disks. The present work thoroughly analyses thin-film's 3D steady hybrid nanoliquid flow across an inclined spinning disk. The hybrid nanoliquid is a combination of copper (Cu) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) tiny-size solid particles suspended in water. The flow is expressed in from of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Employing the proper similarity transformation, the mathematical model is renovated into a collection of a system of coupled ordinary differential equations. Utilising the Homotopy Analysis Method obtained equations are resolved. According to graphical results, adding a porous medium to a thin film flows over an inclined spinning disc considerably accelerates heat transfer and possibly improving thermal efficiency. The effective heat transfer characteristics can potentially improve the proficiency of solar water heaters, using a hybrid nanofluid made up of Al2O3 and Cu nano-sized solid particles suspended in water. The increasing impact of the thin film thickness drops the velocity and energy transmission rate of the fluid.