Tri-state GNRFET-based fast and energy-efficient ternary multiplier

As silicon field-effect transistors encounter increasing scaling challenges, digital system designers are shifting their attention towards multi-valued logic (MVL), specifically ternary logic. The graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistor (GNRFET) emerges as a compelling alternative among post-MOSFET technologies for the implementation of ternary logic. This paper delves into the computational intricacies of ternary logic, underscores the outstanding features of GNRFET technology, and introduces a novel GNRFET-based 1-trit ternary multiplier (TMUL) requiring only 26 transistors. The performance of the design is assessed using the Synopsis HSPICE simulator with a 32-nm GNRFET model file operating at VDD = 0.9 V. The proposed TMUL surpasses existing designs due to its efficient paths with a minimal number of transistors for each output transition, a singular power supply voltage, and an extended voltage division scheme. In comparison to other contemporary TMUL designs, the proposed design exhibits a notable enhancement, showcasing a 21.42 % reduction in delay, a 33.11 % decrease in power-delay-product (PDP), and a 58.17 % decrease in energy-delay-product (EDP). Additionally, the design is subjected to thorough testing under diverse conditions including process, voltage, temperature (PVT) fluctuations, and load variations, validating its reliability and robustness.