Fast Attitude Maneuvers for NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: Practical Flight Application of Attitude Guidance using Birkhoff Pseudospectral Theory and Hamiltonian Programming

Mark Karpenko,Julie K. Halverson, Yohannes Tedla, Travis Lippman, Kyaw Han, I. Michael Ross,Michael K. Barker,Mark S. Robinson, Winston Carter, Aaron K. Boyd,G. Wesley Patterson, Colleen M. O’Shea,F. Scott Turner, Ryan T. Poffenbarger, Cornelius J. Dennehy, Tannen VanZwieten, Aron A. Wolf

IEEE Control Systems Magazine（2024）

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摘要

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) was launched in 2009 to study and map the Moon and is now completing its fifth extended science mission. The LRO (see Figure 1 ) hosts a payload of seven different scientific instruments. The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation instrument has characterized the lunar radiation environment and allowed scientists to determine potential impacts to astronauts and other life. The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) has identified cold traps where ice could reside and mapped global thermophysical and mineralogical properties by measuring surface and subsurface temperatures. The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project has found evidence of exposed ice in south polar cold traps as well as global diurnal variations in hydration. The Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector has been used to create high-resolution maps of lunar hydrogen distribution and gather information about the neutron component of the lunar radiation environment. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) is a system of three cameras [one wide-angle camera and two narrow-angle cameras (NACs)] mounted on the LRO that capture high-resolution black-and-white images and moderate resolution multispectral (seven-color band) images of the lunar surface. These images can be used, for example, to learn new details about the history of lunar volcanism or the present-day flux of impactors. The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument is an advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that can probe surface and subsurface coherent rock contents to identify the polarization signature of ice in cold traps. The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) has been used to generate a high-resolution, 3D map of the Moon that serves as the most accurate geodetic framework available for co-locating LRO (and other lunar) data. The data produced by the LRO continue to revolutionize our scientific understanding of the Moon, and are essential to planning NASA’s future human and robotic lunar missions.

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关键词

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,Attitude Maneuver,Positive Control,Optimization Problem,Optimal Control,Nonlinear Programming,Synthetic Aperture Radar,Closed-loop Control,Trajectory Optimization,Angular Speed,Science Team,Spaceflight,Scientific Observations,Cold Trap,Space Robot,Subsurface Temperature,Science Missions,Mission Performance,Thermal Constraints,Trajectory Optimization Problem,Angular Acceleration,Body-fixed Frame,KKT Conditions,Shortest Path,High-fidelity Simulation,Rigid Body,Technological Constraints,Solar Array,Pseudospectral Method,L1-norm

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