Frozen Gaussian approximation for the fractional Schrödinger equation

We develop the frozen Gaussian approximation (FGA) for the fractional Schrödinger equation in the semi-classical regime, where the solution is highly oscillatory when the scaled Planck constant ε is small. This method approximates the solution to the Schrödinger equation by an integral representation based on asymptotic analysis and provides a highly efficient computational method for high-frequency wave function evolution. In particular, we revise the standard FGA formula to address the singularities arising in the higher-order derivatives of coefficients of the associated Hamiltonian flow that are second-order continuously differentiable or smooth in conventional FGA analysis. We then establish its convergence to the true solution. Additionally, we provide some numerical examples to verify the accuracy and convergence behavior of the frozen Gaussian approximation method.