Applying unoccupied aerial systems to assess genetic gain from mass selection for tembotrione tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

The post-emergent herbicide options to control grasses in sorghum have historically been limited. Therefore, a mass selection program was implemented to increase the tolerance of sorghum to the broad-spectrum herbicide tembotrione. The objectives of this study are to determine (i) which observation timing and vegetative indices are most effective in assessing sorghum injury to tembotrione using unoccupied aerial system imagery and (ii) if mass selection can be used to increase the tolerance of sorghum to tembotrione. Using an unoccupied aerial system, several vegetative indices, collected at either 14 or 21 days after tembotrione application, accurately measured sorghum injury. Over four cycles of selection, tembotrione tolerance increased in a linear and consistent manner. This demonstrates that mass selection can be used as a strategy for developing herbicide tolerance in crops. The modest, but steady genetic gain indicates both the quantitative nature of the trait and sufficient heritability to improve it. Given further development, tembotrione-resistant sorghum hybrids could provide an effective means of post-emergent weed control for a range of common weeds.