Hydrothermal Synthesis and Morphology Control Mechanism of BaTiO3 from NaTi3O6(OH)(H2O)2 Precursors

We present a study on the hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO3 utilizing NaTi3O6(OH)- (H2O)2 nanowires, which was conducted by controlling temperature, alkalinity and time. Initially, increased temperature has promoted the synthesis of BaTiO3 and induce a change in the morphology. When the temperature increases within the range of 90 °C–210 °C, the morphology of the product transitions from nanoparticle to spindle-shaped to nanowires. Then, a time-dependent experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanisms involved in the transformation of the morphology. The formation of nanoparticle occurs through the process of dissolution-crystallization, while the formation of BaTiO3 nanowires is attributed to hydrothermal ion exchange. Also, the hydrothermal process is characterized by grain aggregation and grain growth. By investigating the synthesis and morphology evolution of BaTiO3, this work holds significant potential for the synthesis of BaTiO3 nanowires or other perovskite-type MTiO3 employing titanate as a precursor.