SoK: Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs)
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs) function as tokenized representations of staked
native assets while also accruing staking rewards. They emerged as a preferred
method of staking within Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchains, owing to their ease
of use and tradability. In this Systematization of Knowledge (SoK), we
establish a general framework describing the design choices and protocols
underlying liquid staking. We then employ the framework to systematically
compare the top LST implementations, examining their node operator selection,
validator operations, and staking rewards distribution models. We further
discuss security concerns associated with liquid staking, its implications for
PoS blockchain security, and Distributed Validator technology (DVT) as a
potential solution. Finally, we empirically analyze LSTs' performance and find
that the design choices and market events affect peg stability; particularly,
LSTs with centralized governance and operations are more efficient in tracking
staking rewards.
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