Prevalence and risk factors of bone metastasis and the development of bone metastatic prognostic classification system: a pan-cancer population study

Background: The prevalence of bone metastasis (BM) varies among primary cancer patients, and it has a significant impact on prognosis. However, there is a lack of research in this area. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors, and to establish a prognostic classification system for pancancer patients with BM.Methods: The data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database were investigated. The prevalence and prognosis of patients with BM were analyzed. Hierarchical clustering was used to develop a prognostic classification system.Results: From 2010 to 2019, the prevalence of BM has increased by 41.43%. BM most commonly occurs in cancers that originate in the adrenal gland, lung and bronchus and overlapping lesion of digestive systems. Negative prognostic factors included older age, male sex, poorer grade, unmarried status, low income, nonmetropolitan living, advanced tumor stages, previous chemotherapy, and synchronous liver, lung, and brain metastasis. Three categories with significantly different survival time were identified in the classification system. Conclusions: The clinical features, prevalence, risk factors, and prognostic factors in pan-cancer patients with BM were investigated. A prognostic classification system was developed to provide survival information and aid physicians in selecting personalized treatment plans for patients with BM.