Fibrous Material Structure Developments for Sustainable Heterogeneous Catalysis - An Overview

The continuous development of advanced catalysts to increase process yield and selectivity is crucial. A high specific surface area and a good active phase dispersion are generally essential to create catalytic materials with a large number of active sites. Notably, materials with a fibrous morphology are appealing because of their large surface-to-volume ratio and flexibility. This contribution highlights the morphology of different types of fibrous structures currently under investigation, all the way from the nanoscale to the macroscale and back, where the distinction lies in the length and diameter of the fibers, as well as in the connection between the structures. Fibers with at least one submicron to nanoscale characteristic result in a higher yield, but can display practical usability issues when unbound. Therefore, fibrous structure catalysts with a balance between the small diameter and handleability are important for industrial viability. By combining different morphologies, the best of both nanomaterials and macroscopic integer materials can be combined into advanced catalytic materials. This overview showcases the large potential of these materials but makes clear that further research is needed to keep expanding the use and effectiveness of fibrous structures in catalysis. The main types of fibrous structures for catalyst (applications) are addressed, all the way from the nanoscale to the macroscale and back by combining different morphologies into advanced materials for today's environmental challenges. These materials show a very large potential but future research is needed to further expand the use of fibrous structures in industrial processes. image