Simultaneous identification of a non-point contaminant source with Gaussian spatially distributed release and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer using the LES-MDA method

Space -temporal distribution of the contaminant plumes and aquifer properties is critical for groundwater management. However, most previous studies have focused on point source identification, barely exploring the identification of non -point sources. Xu et al. (2022) proposed to identify non -point sources but did not consider uncertainties in aquifer properties and release mass loading. In this work, we have implemented an application of the localized ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (LES-MDA) for the simultaneous identification of Gaussian hydraulic conductivities and non -point source parameters including Gaussian release mass -loading by assimilating both piezometric head and concentration observations in a synthetic confined aquifer. The results prove that the LES-MDA is not only capable of providing accurate identification of the spatial architecture of non -point contaminant sources and related release parameters (such as initial release time, and release duration) but also spatially heterogeneous release mass -loading and hydraulic conductivities.