Splenic surgery in hematological diseases: Indications and surgical technique

Background Splenic surgery in hematological disorders requires a well-weighted decision on the indications because the medical treatment has rapidly changed in recent years due to new pharmaceutical approaches. Objective Summary of the indications, surgical procedures and perioperative management regarding operative interventions on the spleen in hematological disorders. Material and methods Selective literature search and summary of reviews and guideline recommendations. Results In hematological disorders surgical procedures of the spleen (splenectomy and partial splenectomy) are an important part of the repertoire in the treatment. In recent years the indications for surgery have become narrower because of new forms of medicinal treatment. Especially in hereditary spherocytosis, immune thrombocytopenia and symptomatic splenomegaly and hypersplenism it is still of importance. The minimally invasive splenectomy is regarded as the gold standard. The spleen has an important immune and sequestration function, therefore preoperative and postoperative infectious and thromboembolic events have to be anticipated and prevented. A close interdisciplinary cooperation with hematologists is essential for an optimal outcome of patients. Conclusion The minimally invasive splenectomy and partial splenectomy are part of the surgical repertoire in the diagnostics and treatment of hematological disorders. Because of novel medicinal approaches the therapeutic protocols are continuously changing. A close cooperation with hematologists is important for the optimal evaluation of the indications and the perioperative management.