Sustainable and consumer-centric nanotechnology-based materials: An update on the multifaceted applications, risks and tremendous opportunities

With the increase in the global human population, the adequate supply of resources has become limited. The necessity of the hour is for the development of technology engendering environmental sustainability, rehabilitation and clean energy sources for the long-term development of human society. Nanotechnology has a tremendous impact on the development of cleaner and greener technologies, which have considerable positive effects for human health. The use of nanotechnology is being investigated for its potential to manage and enhance the efficiency of existing methods in environmental remediation. Consequently, there has been an explosion of insights from research aimed at harnessing the vast potential of nanotechnology towards promoting sustainability. Given the rapid pace of progress in nanotechnology and nanotechnology-based materials as drivers of sustainability, it is imperative to have an overview of the recent strides that have been achieved, as well as challenges that currently exist. This review details sustainable nanotechnology and nanomaterials, with a particular focus on the manifold consumer-centered applications. Moreover, the risks associated with the application of nanotechnology on human health and the economy have been taken into consideration. Furthermore, the review elaborates on the application of nanotechnology in various sectors including biomedicine, agriculture, infrastructure, automobiles and the space industry. In additions, the limitations of green nanotechnology have been discussed in light of the green chemistry principle for sustainability.