An Evaluation of the Utility of Computed Tomography in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer Surveillance

Objectives Endometrial cancer is a collection of heterogeneous histologies and molecular subtypes with different risk profiles. High-risk endometrial cancer surveillance regimens vary amongst providers. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends symptom and exam-based surveillance for all endometrial cancers after remission, regardless of cancer stage and histology. Our objective was to identify the first method of detection of recurrence in high-risk endometrial cancers and examine disease recurrence and treatment patterns. Methods A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with high-risk endometrial cancer between November 2013 and February 2020 was conducted at a large academic institution. High-risk endometrial cancers were classified by histology and pathologic stage and were categorized by primary method of detection. Results Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were identified with high-risk endometrial cancer, 63 (28%) of whom had a recurrence. Most recurrences were first detected with routine imaging in 31 patients (49.2%) and symptom surveillance in 24 patients (38.15%). Regardless of the detection method, most patients underwent systemic treatment. The average survival after recurrence was 2.0 years in the imaging cohort and 1.6 years in the non-imaging surveillance cohort. Conclusions The most common site of recurrence in our cohort of high-risk endometrial cancer was in the lung, and most recurrences were identified with asymptomatic imaging. Though there was no statistically significant difference between the survival of those who underwent imaging surveillance vs. standard of care, there was a trend toward survival that deems further exploration with a larger cohort.