The effects of bystander interventions for foreign body airway obstruction on survival and neurological outcomes: Findings of the MOCHI registry

Introduction Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is a life-threatening condition. We aimed to quantify the impact of bystander FBAO interventions on survival and neurological outcomes. Methods We conducted a Japan-wide prospective, multi-center, observational study including all FBAO patients who presented to the Emergency Department from April 2020 to March 2023. Information on bystander FBAO interventions was collected through interviews with emergency medical services personnel. Primary outcomes included 1-month survival and favorable neurologic outcome defined as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2. We performed a multivariable logistic regression and a Cox proportional hazards modeling to adjust for confounders. Results We analyzed a total of 407 patients in the registry who had the median age of 82 years old (IQR 73 to 88). The FBAO incidents were often witnessed (86.5%, n = 352/407) and they intervened in just over half of the cases (54.5%, n = 192/352). The incidents frequently occurred at home (54.3%, n = 221/407) and nursing home (21.6%, n = 88/407). Common first interventions included suction (24.8%, n = 101/407) and back blow (20.9%, n = 85/409). The overall success rate of bystander interventions was 48.4% (n = 93/192). About half (48.2%, n = 196/407) survived to 1-month and 23.8% patients (n = 97/407) had a favorable neurological outcome. Adjusting for pre-specified confounders, bystander interventions were independently associated with survival (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.77) and a favorable neurological outcome (adjusted OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.95). Conclusion Bystander interventions were independently associated with survival and favorable neurological outcome, however, they were performed only in the half of patients.