Terahertz Optical Ultrasensitive Glucose Detection Using Graphene and Silver Surface Plasmon Resonance Metasurfaces for Biomedical Applications

Biomedical sensing applications can leverage the non-invasive and label-free characteristics of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. In this research, we propose a biosensor that employs THz waves for highly sensitive detection of urine glucose levels. The biosensor incorporates a metasurface composed of graphene and silver, capitalizing on their complementary effects to enhance sensing performance. The proposed sensor design demonstrates unprecedented performance with an optimal sensitivity of 1000 GHz/RIU. Furthermore, a well-established linear fitting curve yields somewhat satisfactory R2 scores of 0.84198 and 0.8381 for distinct aspects of the sensor's performance. Notably, the sensor exhibits exceptional metrics, with the lowest figure of merit (FOM) value recorded at 0.393 RIU-1. These remarkable aspects collectively highlight the sensor's advanced capabilities, positioning it as a promising tool for medical applications.