An insight into the effect of ZnWO4/ZnS nanoparticles on the optical and electrical characteristics of PVA/PVP/CMC blended polymer for optoelectronic and energy storage applications

The blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composites incorporated with (1-x)ZnWO4/xZnS fillers have been formed and characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the different phases in the formed fillers. The crystallite sizes of the fillers were determined using Scherrer relation and confirmed by the transmittance electron microscope (TEM) technique. The structures of PVA/PVP/CMC/(1-x)ZnWO4/xZnS blends were traced using the XRD technique. Doped blends exhibited direct and indirect optical band gaps of (3.91, 4.52) eV and 2.78 eV, respectively. The effect of the filler on the linear and nonlinear optical parameters was explored using a diffused reflectance technique. The blend containing ZnWO4 demonstrated the highest values of refractive index in comparison to other blends. As the blend was doped with ZnWO4 or 0.9ZnWO4/0.1ZnS, the value of the optical conductivity rose. The fluorescence intensities rose in an irregular pattern as the blend was loaded with (1-x)ZnWO4/xZnS samples. PVA/PVP/CMC/(1-x)ZnWO4/xZnS blends showed blue color with a small changeable degree. A doped blend with 10 % ZnS has the highest energy density value. Doped blends with 10 and 25%ZnS have the highest ac conductivity. The formed blends are suitable for application in flexible capacitors and optoelectronic applications.