Accurate visualization colorectal cancer by monitoring viscosity variations with a novel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, exhibiting high morbidity and mortality. Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients. Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells, leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC. Herein, we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes (HTB, HTI, and HTP) for CRC detection. Among them, HTB showed high sensitivity, minimal background interference, low cytotoxicity, and significant viscous response capability, making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells. Importantly, we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft (CDX) model, enriching its medical imaging capacity, which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.