Compounds from Aerial Parts of Isodon Lophanthoides and Their Effects of Cytotoxicity and LPS‐induced IL‐1β and IL‐10 Production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

The bioassay-guided isolation of compounds from the aerial parts of Isodon lophanthoides (IL) resulted in the identification of five compounds (1-5). The chemical structures of 1-5 were determined through spectral analyses and compared to those identified in the literature to be 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), coetsoidin B (4), and coetsoidin A (5). Compounds 1, 4, and 5 were found for the first time in the aerial parts of IL. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed potent cytotoxic activity against A549, MCF-7, HepG2, and HL60 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 13.93 to 18.69 mu m and from 11.97 to 18.30 mu m, respectively. Compounds 1-5 significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-1 beta production in RAW 264.7 macrophages compared to the LPS 5 ng/mL control group, resulting in IL-1 beta concentrations ranging from 34.92 to 46.91 pg/mL. Additionally, compounds 1-5 exhibited notable stimulation of IL-10 production, with IL-10 levels ranging from 358.77 to 478.23 pg/mL, compared to the LPS 5 ng/mL control group. These findings highlight the potential of compounds 1-5 and the IL extracts for the cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines and on LPS-induced IL-1 beta and IL-10 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.