Disentanglement of mixed interference fringes in optical interferometers: theory and applications
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Optical interferometric imaging enables astronomical observation at extremely
high angular resolution. The necessary optical information for imaging, such as
the optical path differences and visibilities, is easy to extract from fringes
generated by the combination of two beams. With more than two apertures, the
image-plane interference pattern becomes an increasingly indistinguishable
mixture of fringe spacings and directions. For decades, the state-of-the-art
approaches for obtaining two-aperture fringes from an interferometer array
composed of many apertures are limited to pairwise combinations using bulk
optics. Here, we derive and demonstrate a fringe disentanglement theory that
can digitally transform the interference pattern of N apertures to N(N-1)/2
pairwise fringes without any optics, thus providing straightforward methods of
information acquisition for interferometers. We demonstrate applications of our
technique by both simulation and experiment, showing that this theory can be
used for simultaneously sensing pistons and determining the individual
visibilities of all combining apertures. Furthermore, we use the proposed
theory to phase a 1.5-meter segmented flat telescope, demonstrating its
validity for engineering implementation. This theory may not only benefit
optical imaging but also interferometry-based measurements, by providing an
exceptional capability to simplify the interferometric output generated by a
system of many apertures.
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