Retrograde coronary chronic total occlusion intervention: A 2024 appraisal

Retrograde recanalization demonstrated to be one of the most significant amendments of the technique and has recently become a vital complement to the classical antegrade approach in chronic total occlusion recanalization. Interventionists embark on this technique in complex lesions, in which the antegrade approach is not feasible or has failed previously or as a primary approach in certain situations. The retrograde approach maximizes success rate with a low complication profile, despite frequent utilization in the most complex patients. Since its inceptive description, important iterations have been established which render this technique safer, faster, and more successful.