Non-uniform wave momentum bandgap in biaxial anisotropic photonic time crystals
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Photonic time crystals (PTCs) host momentum bandgaps enabling intriguing
non-resonant light amplification in propagating waves, but opening substantial
bandgaps demands refractive index changes too extreme for conventional
nonlinear optics. Here, we introduce momentum bandgaps for non-uniform waves,
including evanescent and ghost types, by extending PTCs to biaxial anisotropic
photonic time crystals that periodically alternate between uniform biaxial
anisotropy and isotropic media over time. We show that ghost waves, unlike
evanescent waves, sustain only momentum bandgaps, opening wide bandgaps at even
the smallest modulation depths. Moreover, we demonstrate momentum bandgap
effects on non-uniform waves that can be amplified, or through decaying modes,
selectively attenuated. We find that ghost wave momentum bandgaps uniquely
boost refracted over reflected waves under one-way incidence, in stark contrast
to balanced amplification seen in both propagating and evanescent waves. Our
approach expands time-varying metamaterials by integrating wave
characteristics, bridging the gap between conventional nonlinear optics and PTC
momentum bandgaps, and shedding new light on extreme manipulation of surface
polaritons.
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