Exploiting cellulose-based hydrogels for sustainable, intelligent wearables in pandemic preparedness and control

Following increasing emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), hydrogel biomaterials are being explored for drugs and vaccines. Progress in designs, controlled-release mechanisms and well-defined microstructure highlight its untapped potential, exploitable as intelligent wearables–host matrix, sensor or barrier coatings– for pandemics. In particular, cellulose-based hydrogels can enhance much-desired mechanical strength, flexibility, biocompatibility, affordability, smart-response, and durability of wearables. Besides, cellulose-based hydrogels provide an environmentally friendly solution for limiting pathogen transmission when used for personal protective equipment (PPE), alleviating substantial pressure on the environment during PPE disposal. Anticipating a continuous battle against EIDs, herein, we propose a sustainable preparedness and control approach based on hydrogel-wearable technology. First, we overview basic information on Coronaviruses, Human monkeypox, Ebola, Marburg virus, Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift valley fever, Zika and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever to draw inferences, analyze the role of cellulose-based hydrogel in infectious disease control, demonstrating recent advances in fundamental hydrogel and wearable technologies. Based on the successes and challenges, we advocate synergizing these technologies. Second, to illustrate the environmental benefits of cellulose-based hydrogel wearables, using the method CML-IA baseline V3.06/EU25, we assess the environmental impacts of a single-use surgical mask versus cellulose-based hydrogel, showing the energy and environmental footprint that could be saved. This review offers insight into potential applications of hydrogel-based wearables to ameliorate pandemic preparedness and control in the post-COVID-19 era.