Eliminating Crossings in Ordered Graphs
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Drawing a graph in the plane with as few crossings as possible is one of the
central problems in graph drawing and computational geometry. Another option is
to remove the smallest number of vertices or edges such that the remaining
graph can be drawn without crossings. We study both problems in a
book-embedding setting for ordered graphs, that is, graphs with a fixed vertex
order. In this setting, the vertices lie on a straight line, called the spine,
in the given order, and each edge must be drawn on one of several pages of a
book such that every edge has at most a fixed number of crossings. In book
embeddings, there is another way to reduce or avoid crossings; namely by using
more pages. The minimum number of pages needed to draw an ordered graph without
any crossings is its (fixed-vertex-order) page number.
We show that the page number of an ordered graph with n vertices and m
edges can be computed in 2^m · n^O(1) time. An O(log
n)-approximation of this number can be computed efficiently. We can decide in
2^O(d √(k)log (d+k))· n^O(1) time whether it suffices to
delete k edges of an ordered graph to obtain a d-planar layout (where every
edge crosses at most d other edges) on one page. As an additional parameter,
we consider the size h of a hitting set, that is, a set of points on the
spine such that every edge, seen as an open interval, contains at least one of
the points. For h=1, we can efficiently compute the minimum number of edges
whose deletion yields fixed-vertex-order page number p. For h>1, we give an
XP algorithm with respect to h+p. Finally, we consider spine+t-track
drawings, where some but not all vertices lie on the spine. The vertex order on
the spine is given; we must map every vertex that does not lie on the spine to
one of t tracks, each of which is a straight line on a separate page,
parallel to the spine.
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