Numerical Simulation of the Interaction between a Planar Shock Wave and a Cylindrical Bubble

Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been carried out to investigate the complex interaction of a planar shock wave (Ma = 1.22) with a cylindrical bubble. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach with a level set coupled with volume of fluid (LSVOF) method has been applied in the present study. The predicted velocities of refracted wave, transmitted wave, upstream interface, downstream interface, jet, and vortex filaments are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The predicted non-dimensional bubble and vortex velocities also have great concordance with the experimental data compared with a simple model of shock-induced Rayleigh–Taylor instability (i.e., Richtmyer–Meshkov instability) and other theoretical models. The simulated changes in the bubble shape and size (length and width) against time agree very well with the experimental results. Comprehensive flow analysis has shown the shock–bubble interaction (SBI) process clearly from the onset of bubble compression up to the formation of vortex filaments, especially elucidating the mechanism on the air–jet formation and its development. It is demonstrated for the first time that turbulence is generated at the early phase of the shock cylindrical bubble interaction process, with the maximum turbulence intensity reaching about 20% around the vortex filament regions at the later phase of the interaction process.