Pollution Control Performance of Solidified Nickel-Cobalt Tailings on Site: Bioavailability of Heavy Metals and Microbial Response

There has been increasing attention given to nickel-cobalt tailings (NCT), which pose a risk of heavy metal pollution in the field. In this study, on site tests and sampling analysis were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, heavy metal toxicity, and microbial diversity of the original NCT, solidified NCT, and the surrounding soil. The research results show that the potential heavy metal pollution species in NCT are mainly Ni, Co, Mn, and Cu. Simultaneous solidification and passivation of heavy metals in NCT were achieved, resulting in a reduction in biological toxicity and a fivefold increase in seed germination rate. The compressive strength of the original tailings was increased by 20 times after solidification. The microbial diversity test showed that the abundance of microbial community in the original NCT was low and the population was monotonous. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the use of NCT for solidification in ponds can effectively solidification of heavy metals, reduce biological toxicity, and promote microorganism diversity in mining areas (tended to the microbial ecosystem in the surrounding soil). Indeed, this study provides a new perspective for the environmental remediation of metal tailings.