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    • Ridge-furrow Film Mulch with Nitrogen Fertilization Improves Grain Yield of Dryland Maize by Promoting Root Growth, Plant Nitrogen Uptake and Remobilization

    Zhenlin Lai,Hui Zhang, Xiaohui Ding,Zhenqi Liao,Chen Zhang,Jiang Yu,Shengzhao Pei,Zhiyao Dou,Zhijun Li,Junliang Fan

    Soil and Tillage Research（2024）

    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education

    Cited 1|Views23
    Abstract
    Soil mulch has been widely applied to enhance crop yields in (semi-)arid and semi-humid regions on the globe. However, how different mulch practices influence root growth, plant nitrogen (N) uptake, remobilization and allocation remains unclear, especially under different N fertilization rates. A two-season (June–October in 2021 and 2022) field experiment was performed on dryland summer maize in a semi-humid but drought-prone region of northwest China. There were six mulch practices: flat cultivation without mulch (Flat), flat cultivation with straw mulch (Flat-Straw), flat cultivation with black film mulch (Flat-Film), flat cultivation with transparent film mulch (Flat-Trans), ridge-furrow cultivation with black film mulch on the ridge (Ridge-Film), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulch on the ridge (Ridge-Trans), and two N fertilization rates: 0 kg N ha−1 (N0) and 180 kg N ha−1 (N1). The results showed that film mulch significantly (p<0.05) improved root morphological parameters compared to Flat. Plant N uptake significantly (p<0.05) increased due to improved root growth under film and straw mulch, with grain N uptake increasing by 78.2% under Ridge-Film, 66.2% under Ridge-Trans and 39.6% under Flat-Film compared to Flat. The significant (p<0.01) increases in pre-anthesis N remobilization and post-anthesis N uptake under film and straw mulch compared to Flat achieved synergistic increases in grain yields. The contributions of total N remobilization to grain N dramatically increased by 31.2%, 27.5%, 17.0% and 11.2% under Ridge-Film, Ridge-Trans, Flat-Film and Flat-Trans compared to Flat, respectively. Meanwhile, film-mulched practices significantly (p<0.01) reduced soil nitrate-N residual due to improved plant N uptake, by 21.7% under Flat-Film, 16.9% under Flat-Trans, and 33.6% under Ridge-Film compared to Flat. The contributions of various mulch practices to grain yield ranked as Ridge-Film > Flat-Film > Ridge-Trans > Flat-Trans > Flat-Straw. The Ridge-Film with N fertilization significantly (p<0.05) increased N use efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, N recovery efficiency, N harvest index and grain yield by 10.8%, 124.9%, 147.1%, 19.8% and 120.0% compared to FlatN0, respectively. The structural equation modeling indicated that the differences in post-silking N uptake and pre-silking N remobilization caused by different mulch practices and nitrogen rates could directly explain at least 48.0% and 52.0% of grain yield differences. The ridge-furrow cultivation with film mulch, especially black film mulch, along with 180 kg N ha−1 is favorable for improving grain yield and N use efficiency of dryland summer maize in the semi-humid but drought-prone region of northwest China.
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    Key words
    Grain yield,Nitrogen uptake,Nitrogen remobilization,Nitrogen allocation,Soil nitrogen residual
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    【要点】：论文主要探讨了不同覆盖方式和氮肥施用量对西北干旱半干旱地区干热夏季玉米根系生长、植物氮吸收与再运移及产量的影响，发现垄沟薄膜覆盖结合适当氮肥可以显著提高玉米产量和氮肥利用效率。
    

    【方法】：研究通过在2021年和2022年两年的田间试验，对比了平地不覆盖、平地秸秆覆盖、平地黑色薄膜覆盖、平地透明薄膜覆盖、垄沟黑色薄膜覆盖、垄沟透明薄膜覆盖以及两种氮肥施用量（0 kg N ha−1和180 kg N ha−1）对玉米生长的影响。
    

    【实验】：结果表明，薄膜覆盖显著提高了根系形态参数，改善了根系生长，从而增加了植物氮吸收量，特别是在垄沟黑色薄膜覆盖下，籽粒氮吸收量增加了78.2%。此外，薄膜和秸秆覆盖显著提高了开花前氮的再运移和开花后氮的吸收，实现了产量的协同增加。与平地覆盖相比，不同覆盖方式下，总氮再运移对籽粒氮的贡献率均有显著增加。同时，薄膜覆盖显著降低了土壤硝态氮残留，提高了植物氮吸收。在各种覆盖方式中，垄沟黑色薄膜覆盖对产量贡献最大。此外，结合180 kg N ha−1的氮肥施用量，垄沟黑色薄膜覆盖显著提高了氮肥利用效率和收获指数，比平地不施肥的处理增加了120.0%的产量。结构方程模型分析表明，不同覆盖方式和氮肥率下，开花后氮吸收和开花前氮再运移的差异可以解释至少48.0%和52.0%的产量差异。