When Insurance Is Not a Barrier: Psychological Factors Predicting Whether Bariatric Candidates Undergo Surgery

Background Despite the effectiveness of bariatric surgery, utilization rates have increased only marginally over the last two decades; candidates who are eligible for bariatric surgery regularly fail to undergo surgery. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) has previously been used to assist in identification of those who will not move forward with surgery after being identified as eligible. However, medical insurance has been identified as a significant barrier to surgery; research in those who have universal healthcare may yield different results. Objectives Determine if MMPI-RF scales are associated with failure to undergo bariatric surgery in patients eligible to have the procedure. Setting Large military hospital in the Northwestern U.S. Methods This study used archival data for 279 patients psychologically screened for eligibility for bariatric surgery. All assessments took place between January 2017 and December 2019. T-tests and Chi-square tests were used to compare groups of patients who did and did not have surgery on relevant medical and demographic variables. Profile analyses of patient MMPI-2-RF scores were conducted to examine scale associations with undergoing surgery. Results A total of 86 bariatric surgery candidates (30.8%) did not undergo surgery. Results showed that sex, age, employment status, and arthritis were different between groups. Additionally, MMPI-2-RF scales were different between groups, including Somatic Complaints, Neurological Complains, Cynicism, and Helplessness / Hopelessness. Conclusions MMPI-2-RF scales were associated with not having bariatric surgery, although not all scales exceeded clinical cut-offs. Findings indicate psychological and psychosocial differences, rather than psychopathology per se, may play a role in who undergoes bariatric surgery.