Resistivity and Piezoelectrical Behavior of the Smart Oil Well Cement Incorporated with Aluminum Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles—Experimental and Analytical Study

The effects of individually adding 1 % nano aluminum oxide (NA) and 1 % nano iron oxide (NF) on the curing, compressive piezoelectric, and stress -strain characteristics of cement (Class H) were studied and quantified. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to evaluate the cement (class H) with and without the 1 % NF and 1 % NA modification. The cement's 's initial electrical resistivity (ER) incorporated with 0.1 % conductive filler was improved by 16 and 31 %, respectively, with 1 % NF and 1 % NA. Including 1 % NF and 1 % NA enhanced the stress at the failure of the cement paste by 26 and 39 % and 17 and 42 %, respectively, after curing times of 1 and 28 d. The nonlinear Vipulanandan p -q q curing model was employed to anticipate ER change with curing age. Depending on the curing period and type of nanomaterial, the piezoelectrical (piezoresistivity) of "smart " cement containing NF and NA was more significant than normal cement by 500 times. The nonlinear curing model has been applied to model variations in ER with the curing period. The gauge factor model relating strain to resistivity changes under compressive stress was also developed using a relation model.