Malrotated lateral knee radiographs do not allow for a proper assessment of medial or lateral posterior tibial slope

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether malrotation of lateral knee radiographs influences posterior tibial slope (PTS) measurements. Methods Lateral knee radiographs of all patients who underwent knee surgery at a single institution between June 2022 and January 2023 and received multiple lateral knee radiographs were included. Radiographs were categorised as malrotated lateral knee radiographs or lateral knee radiographs based on the radiographic distance between the medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles. Medial PTS (MPTS) and lateral PTS (LPTS) were evaluated on malrotated lateral knee radiographs and lateral knee radiographs and compared using the paired t test. Intra- and interrater reliability between four raters were assessed for MPTS and LPTS measurements. Results A total of 92 lateral knee radiographs (46 pairs of malrotated lateral knee radiographs and lateral knee radiographs; 50.0% right side) from 46 patients (33.2 +/- 12.4 years, 69.6% male) were included. Mean posterior femoral condyle distance in malrotated lateral knee radiographs was 8.1 +/- 4.4 mm. Overall, MPTS and LPTS were significantly higher on malrotated lateral knee radiographs versus lateral knee radiographs (medial: 10.5 +/- 3.2(degrees) vs. 9.7 +/- 3.5(degrees), p < 0.05; lateral: 10.6 +/- 3.4(degrees) vs. 9.7 +/- 3.3(degrees), p < 0.05). Mean absolute difference between MPTS and LPTS on malrotated lateral knee radiographs versus lateral knee radiographs were |1.9| +/- |1.5|(degrees) and |2.0| +/- |1.8|(degrees), respectively. Intrarater reliability was 'moderate' and interrater reliability was 'good' for both MPTS and LPTS. Conclusion Malrotation of lateral knee radiographs led to a significant distortion of both the MPTS and LPTS. In clinical practice, attention should be placed on the (mal)rotation of lateral knee radiographs, especially in patients for whom a slope-correcting osteotomy is being discussed.