Comparison of MXene and SWCNTs Effectiveness for Osteoblast Differentiation: A Preliminary Study with MG-63 Cells

The exceptional chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials have attracted growing interest in the field of bone tissue engineering. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and MXenes are two types of unique nanomaterials that have shown promising potential for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we aimed to compare the differentiation capacity of MG-63 cells in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MXene nanomaterials. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of MXene and SWCNTs based nanocomposites was evaluated using the MTS assay. Also, the differentiation potential was evaluated using two models of stimulation. The first model was a co-stimulation of MG-63's with EB1089 and an analogue of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), (3S)-1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP). The second model utilized beta-glycerophosphate (beta GP) and ascorbic acid (ASC). Results: MXene and SWCNTs showed no cytotoxic effect after 48h of culture. MXene could enhance the maturation of MG-63 in both models of differentiation compared to controls and SWCNTs. Conclusion: The incorporation of MXene into MG-63 cell culture suggests that it has a promising potential as a biomaterial for bone regeneration as it demonstrated improved osteoblast maturation compared to SWCNTs.