Migraine aura discrimination using machine learning: an fMRI study during ictal and interictal periods

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on migraine with aura are challenging due to the rarity of patients with triggered cases. This study optimized methodologies to explore differences in ictal and interictal spatiotemporal activation patterns based on visual stimuli using fMRI in two patients with unique aura triggers. Both patients underwent separate fMRI sessions during the ictal and interictal periods. The Gaussian Process Classifier (GPC) was used to differentiate these periods by employing a machine learning temporal embedding approach and spatiotemporal activation patterns based on visual stimuli. When restricted to visual and occipital regions, GPC had an improved performance, with accuracy rates for patients A and B of roughly 86–90