Atomically engineered Al-doped LaOCl for chlorine-ion batteries

LaOCl belongs to one kind of promising solid electrolyte for chlorine-ion batteries due to its excellent electric insulation performance and special layered structure. However, LaOCl still suffers from poor chlorine-ion conductivity.Then,we proposed microstructure modulation of LaOCl to solve this problem based on Al doping method.Firstly, we carried out first-principles and ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations to investigate the internal relation among structure stability, chlorine-ion conductivity and related physicochemical properties of Al doped LaOCl(La1-xAlxOCl). It is found that La0.75Al0.25OCl not only possesses most stable structure but also demonstrates the best ductility. Moreover, La0.75Al0.25OCl also possesses much lower chlorine-ion diffusion energy barrier than LaOCl(0.40 eV vs.0.78 eV) and its chlorine-ion conductivity goes as high as 5.4×10-3 S/cm at 300K. This is attributed to the optimal reconstruction of La-Cl coordination structure induced by Al dopant, which weakens the limiting effect of La-Cl bond as far as possible. Meanwhile,La0.75Al0.25OCl exhibits excellent electrical insulating property due to its wide band gap of 5.87 eV. In addition, La0.75Al0.25OCl exhibits wide electrochemical window with La and Al metal acted as anode materials, respectively (1.92-9.66V for La and 0-7.74 V for Al). At this stage, La0.75Al0.25OCl solid electrolyte requires no chlorine-ion uptake and loss in the process of oxidation and reduction, indicating its excellent electrochemical stability.