Impact of thermal radiation in a mixed convective magnetize Casson fluid flow through a porous bulb-shaped enclosure

The current study aims to investigate the effects of thermal radiations in a porous bulb-shaped enclosure. The cavity is filled with Casson fluid, the upper highlighted section represents the hot wall, while the lower highlighted part signifies the cold wall, and the bottom section corresponds to the adiabatic wall. The research takes into account several key variables such as the Hartmann number (varying from 0 to 20), Lewis number (ranging from 0.1 to 10), Rayleigh number (Ra 103–105), Casson fluid parameter (varying from 0.1 to 10), buoyancy ratio (ranging from 0 to 2), Darcy number (ranging from 0.1 to 0.001) and thermal radiation parameter (varying from 0 to 5). In two dimensions, the governing formulation is written as a set of balancing equations for velocities, pressures, energies and concentrations. The nonlinear governing PDEs are solved using numerical approach based on finite element method (FEM). The discretization is performed using the stable finite element pair ℘_2/℘_1 . To analyze the effects of flow distribution changes, we graphically display those using streamlines, isothermal profiles and isoconcentration patterns. Information on kinetic energy, local heat and mass flux is also provided in the form of graphs and tables. The findings suggest that thermal radiation and porosity factors have profound impact on the flow pattern, isothermal and isoconcentrating contours. The study demonstrates the applications in solar thermal power conversion, energy deficiency systems and many other application of electronics designs.