Integrating Geoenvironmental and Socioenvironmental Analyses for Flood Vulnerability Assessment in the Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

The escalating impacts of climate change necessitate a focused analysis of flood vulnerability in ecologically fragile and densely inhabited mountain areas, particularly in the Himalayan region. This study concentrates on the Kullu Valley within the Beas Basin, Himachal Pradesh, India, a locale characterized by its intricate terrain and dynamic climatic conditions. Employing an integrated approach of using satellite imagery, Geographic Information System (GIS), and field surveys, the research evaluates the region’s topographical and hydrological attributes alongside land use patterns to discern flood vulnerabilities. Key findings from this study include, the identification of zones with elevated runoff potential, high-risk settlements, and vulnerable agricultural lands. The complex interplay of steep slopes and intricate stream networks exacerbates the susceptibility to flash floods. The socio-environmental aspect of the study entailed zonation based on relative relief, discerning varied adaptive capacities, exposures, and sensitivities across five delineated zones. Particularly, Zones 5 and 4 emerged as highly vulnerable due to dense settlements and economic dependence on agriculture and tourism. The study suggests implementing a 100-meter buffer zone along the river and monitoring the use of Common Property Resource (CPR) lands to mitigate flood risks. Recommendations extend to enhancing emergency response protocols, improving disaster management team preparedness, fortifying communication and transport infrastructures, and ensuring medical facility accessibility. Overall, this research offers a comprehensive perspective on flood risk factors in mountainous landscapes, serving as a guide for policymakers and disaster management authorities in formulating resilient and sustainable flood mitigation strategies.