Multimode imaging analysis of single particles at the electrochemical interfaces

Electrochemical interface imaging techniques enable a deeper understanding of the structure-activity relationship at electrochemical interfaces. Each imaging technique holds distinct capability and spatiotemporal resolution to visualize the interfacial process of individual particles in real-time. The advent of multimode imaging offers a more comprehensive view of a single sample by combining different imaging techniques to acquire plentiful information. This review highlights the recent advances in multimode imaging approaches for electrochemical interface process, including SECCM-based approaches, optical microscope-based approaches, and multi-optical mode imaging approaches. Key examples exhibiting the advantages of multimode imaging are selected and how these techniques reveal the activity of individual particles at electrochemical interfaces are discussed. Finally, we present some new perspectives on the development tendency of this field that will open new avenues for accelerated mechanistic understanding, rational materials design, and diverse electrochemical applications.