Methanolic Extract of Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hallier f. Attenuates Renal Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats.

Introduction Merremia emarginata (syn: Ipomoea reniformis) is used by the traditional healers of the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu and Nelliampathy hills of Kerala for the treatment of diabetes. It contains important phytoconstituents like scopoletin, quercetin, and kaempferol and is reported to have pharmacological activities like antidiabetic antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, ACE inhibitory, and hypotensive. Diabetic kidney disease is a common microvascular complication seen in patients with long-term diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Merremia emarginata in attenuating diabetic kidney disease. Materials and methods Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of 55mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were divided into seven groups with six rats in the control group and seven each in the STZ, STZ+Standard drug Ramipril (STD), STZ +Low dose (LD) methanolic extract of Merremia emarginata (MEME), STZ+ High dose (HD) MEME, STZ+STD+LD, and STZ+STD+HD groups. The renal function was assessed by estimating various parameters viz, blood glucose, serum and urine creatinine, urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, oxidative stress, and kidney hypertrophy. Results Treatment with Ramipril and HD MEME showed a decrease in blood glucose levels, urine albumin, a decrease in serum creatinine, an increase in urine creatinine, a decrease in BUN, HbA1c, kidney hypertrophy, and oxidative stress. The combination treatment of Ramipril and HD MEME showed a synergistic effect. Conclusion The study revealed that MEME attenuates diabetic nephropathy and has the potential to be used in diabetic nephropathy either alone or as an adjuvant.