Sensitivity of surface downward longwave radiation to aerosol optical depth over the Lake Taihu region, China

Downward longwave radiation (DLR) is an important component of the global radiation budget, significantly influencing surface energy dynamics. Accurate quantification of aerosol impacts on surface DLR is crucial for refining numerical weather predictions and comprehending surface energy balance. While the impact of aerosols on downward shortwave radiation has garnered substantial attention, investigation into the longwave radiation effect of aerosols remains relatively limited. In this study, the impact of aerosols on surface DLR is quantified by using continuous radiation data, meteorological elements, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite. These datasets span the period from 2011 to 2018 and are obtained from six stations of the Lake Taihu Flux Observational Network situated in Eastern China. The sensitivity of DLR to AOD (dDLR/dAOD) is determined through multiple linear regressions using both observational data and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis. Additionally, a radiative transfer model is employed to derive the dDLR/dAOD. A three-variable linear regression of the observational data shows that DLR increases by 4.66 ± 1.99 W m−2 per unit increase in AOD (mean ± 1 standard deviation) under clear-sky conditions. The radiative transfer model and the three-variable linear regression of MERRA-2 reanalysis yield similar sensitivity values of 4.69 ± 1.23 W m−2 AOD−1 and 4.10 ± 0.25 W m−2 AOD−1, respectively. However, these sensitivity values are considerably smaller than those reported in previous studies. Plausible factors contributing to the observed variance in sensitivity values are discussed. These results help to improve our understanding on the aerosol longwave radiation effect over the Lake Taihu region in Eastern China.