Epidemiological aspects and resistance profile of bacteremia in the region of Marrakech

Introduction: bacteremia in hospitals is a major public health problem that can lead to mortality and morbidity. The aim of our study is to establish the bacteriological profile of bacteremia and the state of antibiotic resistance in order to optimize probabilistic antibiotherapy at the Avicenna military hospital in Marrakech. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study spanning a period of 5 years (January 2019 - December 2023), conducted in the laboratory of bacteriology-virology and molecular biology of the Avicenna Military Hospital in Marrakech, on the all bacteria isolated from blood cultures in hospitalized patients. Results: During this period, we collected 839 blood cultures, 140 of which resulted to isolate a bacterium. The predominant causative organism was Staphylococcus aureus (27%), The resistance profile of the strains was as follows: 3.57% for methicillin for Staphylococcus aureus and 50% for staphylococcus coagulase negative. Regarding Enterobacteria; 30.28% were producing ESBL, ciprofloxacin resistance was involved in 41.8% of Enterobacteria while all strains were sensitive to kanamicin. The resistance of Acinetobacter baumanii was 100% to ciprofloxacin, and 91% to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, imipenem and amikacin while remaining 100% sensitive to colistin. Conclusion: surveillance of bacteria’s epidemiological characteristics and their antibiotic susceptibility profile should be continuous for appropriate adaptation of initial empirical treatment of bacteraemia.