Impact of urbanization on urban heat island intensity-a case study of Larkana City, Sindh, Pakistan

The climate change is one of the important problem of the current situation in the world. The urban heat island intensity is a major problem of increasing the climate condition in the developed and developing countries. In current situation, the growth of population in the Pakistan causes over population in the cities. The population of Larkana is increasing rapidly day by day. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Urbanization on the Climate. In this proposed research study, two types of data were collected (i) satellite data of Thematic Mapper (TM) Landsat 5 which was downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) of 1990, 2000, and 2010, furthermore satellite data of 2023 downloaded the Landsat 8 from USGS. (ii) Second data used from secondary sources of population census report of Pakistan 1981, 1998, 2017 and 2023 was collected from the Pakistan Statistics Bureau. The land surface temperature was found from satellite data of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2023. The average temperature in 1990 was 4.25 0C greater than 2000 in summer season and average temperature of 2010 was 4.73 0C less than from 2023 in summer season. The average temperature in 1990 was 3.15 0C less than from 2000 in winter season and in 2022 was 1 0C higher than 2010 in winter season average temperature. Recently census reported above 579,000 populations lived in the urban city of Larkana. The shape file of the Larkana classification total area showed 41 Square kilometers. The supervised classification showed that settlement increased from 8.16 Square kilometers in 1990 to 23.98 Square kilometers in 2023. The correlation was shown between urban expansion and the growth of population strongly positive to each other. Another finding relationship between urban heat islands with urban expansion that correlation showed a positive relationship between each other.