A techno-economic model for flexibility-oriented planning of renewable-based power systems considering integrated features of generator, network, and energy storage systems

The transition towards renewable energy sources in power networks introduces challenges characterized by significant fluctuations and uncertainties. Addressing the need to identify factors influencing flexibility planning, this study presents a novel model for Adapting Flexible Resources with Renewable Energy Resources (AFR-RER). This model is designed to capture the complex interactions of generator-grid-storage flexibility, incorporating components such as Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), tie lines, multipath adjustable units, network structure adjustments, and energy storage. The AFR-RER model is specifically developed to address the challenges arising from varying levels of renewable energy integration at different stages of carbon development. Its adaptability to accommodate diverse integration levels stands as a key feature. Furthermore, custom algorithms are devised to tackle the specific challenges posed by the AFR-RER model. To demonstrate the model's effectiveness, extensive case studies are conducted, evaluating its performance on both a modified IEEE two regional 24-test system and a real-world test system. The results of these case studies validate the resilience and practicality of the proposed AFR-RER model across various scenarios, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for optimizing flexibility planning in power networks.