Exploring exercise-driven exerkines: unraveling the regulation of metabolism and inflammation

Exercise has many bene fi cial effects that provide health and metabolic bene fi ts. Signaling molecules are released from organs and tissues in response to exercise stimuli and are widely termed exerkines, which exert in fl uence on a multitude of intricate multi -tissue processes, such as muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, cardiovascular tissue, kidney, and bone. For the metabolic effect, exerkines regulate the metabolic homeostasis of organisms by increasing glucose uptake and improving fat synthesis. For the anti-in fl ammatory effect, exerkines positively in fl uence various chronic in fl ammation -related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. This review highlights the prospective contribution of exerkines in regulating metabolism, augmenting the anti-in fl ammatory effects, and providing additional advantages associated with exercise. Moreover, a comprehensive overview and analysis of recent advancements are provided in this review, in addition to predicting future applications used as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target to bene fi t patients with chronic diseases.