N, S co-doped coal-based hard carbon prepared by two-step carbonization and a molten salt template method for sodium storage
Carbon(2024)
摘要
Hard carbon, known for its abundant resources, stable structure and high safety, has emerged as the most popular anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Among various sources, coal-derived hard carbon has attracted extensive attention. In this work, N and S co-doped coal-based carbon material (NSPC1200) was synthesized through a combination of two-step carbonization process and heteroatom doping using long-flame coal as a carbon source, thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source, and NaCl as a template. The two-step carbonization process played a crucial role in adjusting the structure of carbon microcrystals and expanding the interlayer spacing. The N and S co-doping regulated the electronic structure of carbon materials, endowing more active sites. Additionally, the introduction of NaCl as a template contributed to the construction of pore structure, which facilitates better contact between electrodes and electrolytes, enabling more efficient transport of Na+ and electrons. Under the synergistic effect, NSPC1200 exhibited exceptional sodium storage capacity, reaching 314.2 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1. Furthermore, NSPC1200 demonstrated commendable cycling stability, maintaining a capacity of 224.4 mAh g-1 even after 200 cycles. This work successfully achieves the strategic tuning of the microstructure of coal-based carbon materials, ultimately obtaining hard carbon anode with excellent electrochemical performance.
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关键词
Hard carbon,Sodium-ion battery,Coal-derived carbon,Two-step carbonization,N and S co-doped
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