Ferroelectric/semiconductor (BiFeO3–BaTiO3/AlN) lead-free ceramic composites featuring enhanced real-time d33 temperature stability

Although the BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT)-based lead-free ceramics possess the ultrahigh Curie temperature Tc and relatively large piezoelectric constant d33, there is still a huge fluctuation of the real-time d33 in the temperature range from room temperature to the depolarization temperature Td, which hinder their practical applications. Herein, the water-quenched (WQ) ferroelectric/semiconductor (BF–BT: AlN) 0-3-type composite ceramics are fabricated to significantly augment the real-time d33 temperature stability. The 0.7BF–0.3BT/0.45