A retrospective study on risk factors for low vision in patients with traumatic hyphema

Abstract Background: This study examines the risk factors associated with low vision following traumatic hyphema to enhance prognosis evaluation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 58 patients diagnosed with traumatic hyphema at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, from January 2017 to December 2022. Factors such as age, sex, cause of injury, time since injury, initial visual acuity, hyphema grade, intraocular pressure, and complications were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression with SPSS software. Results: The patient cohort was predominantly male (81%), with the majority of injuries occurring during occupational activities (38%). Other significant causes included altercations (19%), recreational activities (19%), traffic accidents (8.6%), sports injuries (8.6%), and fireworks (6.8%). Poor vision outcomes were primarily linked to vitreous hemorrhage, traumatic cataract, and iridodialysis, with significant risk factors being the time since injury, initial visual acuity, and hyphema grade. Conclusions: Traumatic hyphema is most common in males and frequently results from occupational incidents. The most critical predictors of adverse visual outcomes are the grade of hyphema, initial visual acuity, and elapsed time since injury, with initial visual acuity serving as an independent predictor of vision impairment. Trial registration: Not applicable. This retrospective study did not require trial registration.