Design and development of a novel sensor for the detection of Atezolizumab as a liver cancer medicine in drinking water sources

Because of the possible harm that drugs may cause to the environment and public health, the discovery of pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources has drawn increasing attention. Pharmaceuticals such as atezolizumab (ATZ), a monoclonal antibody used to treat liver cancer, can enter water sources through a number of different routes. The design and development of a new electrochemical sensor for the detection of ATZ in water sources are presented in this research study. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and an anti-Atezolizumab antibody (Ab) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were used to develop the immunosensor. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to comprehensively examine the immunosensor’s electrochemical characteristics. The immunosensor showed a broad concentration range of 0.001 to 2000 µg/mL and a low detection limit of 0.6 ng/mL. When the performance of the sensor was compared to other documented ATZ immunoassays, it demonstrated better performance because of its wide analytical range and low detection limit. The immunosensor’s repeatability and stability were assessed as well; results revealed a significant 40-day stability period and a relative standard deviation of 4.13