External magnetic field induced paramagnetic squeezing effect in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
arxiv(2024)
摘要
In non-central heavy-ion collisions, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) encounters
the most intense magnetic field ever produced in nature, with a strength of
approximately 10^19∼ 20 Gauss. Recent lattice-QCD calculations reveal
that the QGP exhibits paramagnetic properties at high temperatures. When an
external strong magnetic field is applied, it generates an anisotropic
squeezing force density that competes with pressure gradients resulting from
the purely QGP geometric expansion. In this study, we employ (3+1)-dimensional
ideal hydrodynamics simulations to estimate the paramagnetic squeezing effect
of this force density on the anisotropic expansion of QGP in non-central Pb+Pb
collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We consider both up-to-date
magnetic susceptibility and various magnetic field profiles in this work. We
find that the impact of rapidly decaying magnetic fields is insignificant,
while enduring magnetic fields produce a strong force density that diminishes
the momentum anisotropy of the QGP by up to 10% at the intial stage, leaving a
visible imprint on the elliptic flow v_2 of final charged particles. Our
results provide insights into the interplay between magnetic fields and the
dynamics of QGP expansion in non-central heavy-ion collisions.
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