Huperzia serrata flavonoids are involved in regulating male reproductive processes

Background: The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, accessory gonads, and genital ducts. The physiological integrity of the testicles is essential for successful sperm production, but the testes are susceptible to a variety of exogenous and endogenous toxins, which can lead to structural damage to tissues and sperm abnormalities. Spermatogenesis is always in a homeostatic process and is sensitive to changes in the external environment. Huperzia serrata flavonoids (HSF) have a variety of pharmacological effects, including the treatment of bruises, strains, etc. HSF can improve the reproductive function of male mice, so the purpose of this experiment is to explore whether huperzine flavonoids are involved in and regulate the male reproductive process. Methods: Our experimental animals were ICR mice, and samples were collected after 28 days of HSF treatment, and verified by a series of experimental methods such as immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, HE staining, protein hybridization, and screening of related genes. Results: RNA sequencing results showed that HSF up -regulated genes related to sperm development and differentiation in testes and promoted spermatogenesis. HSF is effective in promoting steroid hormone synthesis by modulating STAR, CYP11A1, and CYP17A1. Conclusion: Thus, HSF can regulate testicular gene expression, stabilize the gut microbiome, alter serum metabolites, and regulate steroid homeostasis.